[111] Norway includes the northernmost point on the European mainland. [112] The rugged coastline is broken by huge fjords and thousands of islands. The coastal baseline is 2, 532 kilometres (1, 573 mi). The coastline of the mainland including fjords stretches 28, 953 kilometres (17, 991 mi), when islands are included the coastline has been estimated to 100, 915 kilometres (62, 706 mi). [113] Norway shares a 1, 619-kilometre (1, 006 mi) land border with Sweden, 727 kilometres (452 mi) with Finland, and 196 kilometres (122 mi) with Russia to the east.
Throughout the First World War, Norway remained neutral; however, diplomatic pressure from the British government meant that it heavily favoured the Allies during the war. During the war, Norway exported fish to both Germany and Britain, until an ultimatum from the British government and anti-German sentiments as a result of German submarines targeting Norwegian merchantmen led to a termination of trade with Germany. 436 Norwegian merchantmen were sunk by the Kaiserliche Marine during the war, with 1, 150 Norwegian sailors losing their lives.
[279] Acceptance is offered after finishing upper secondary school with general study competence. Public education is virtually free, regardless of nationality. [280] The academic year has two semesters, from August to December and from January to June. The ultimate responsibility for the education lies with the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. Languages The map shows the division of the Norwegian dialects within the main groups.
The primary foreign language taught in Norwegian schools is English, considered an international language since the post-WWII era. The majority of the population is fairly fluent in English, especially those born after World War II. German, French and Spanish are also commonly taught as second or, more often, third languages. Russian, Japanese, Italian, Latin, and rarely Chinese (Mandarin) are offered in some schools, mostly in the cities. Traditionally, English, German and French were considered the main foreign languages in Norway. These languages, for instance, were used on Norwegian passports until the 1990s, and university students have a general right to use these languages when submitting their theses.
Culture Traditional Norwegian farmer's costumes, known as folkedrakt, and modern costumes inspired by those costumes, known as bunad, are widely used on special occasions. The Norwegian farm culture continues to play a role in contemporary Norwegian culture. In the 19th century, it inspired a strong romantic nationalistic movement, which is still visible in the Norwegian language and media. Norwegian culture blossomed with nationalist efforts to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature, art and music. This continues today in the performing arts and as a result of government support for exhibitions, cultural projects and artwork. [293] Cinema The Norwegian cinema has received international recognition. The documentary film Kon-Tiki (1950) won an Academy Award.
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